Wordy Blog

etymology of broadcast

1767, “dispersed upon the ground by hand,” in reference to seed, from broad (adj.) + past participle of cast (v.). Figurative sense “widely spread” is recorded by 1785. As an adverb from 1832. Modern media use began with radio (1922, adjective and noun). As a verb, recorded from 1813 in an agricultural sense, 1829 in a figurative sense, 1921 in reference to radio.

[etymology of broadcast https://www.etymonline.com/word/broadcast]

etymology of hash

1650s, “to hack, chop into small pieces,” from French hacher “chop up” (14c.), from Old French hache “ax” (see hatchet). Hash browns (1926) is short for hashed browned potatoes (1886), with the -ed omitted, as in mash potatoes. The hash marks on a football field were so called by 1954, from their similarity to hash marks, armed forces slang for “service stripes on the sleeve of a military uniform” (1909), which supposedly were called that because they mark the number of years one has had free food (that is, hash (n.1)) from the Army; but perhaps there is a connection with the noun form of hatch (v.2).

[etymology of hash https://www.etymonline.com/word/hash]

Etymology of Pettifogger

English Spelling, My Frend, U Dont No English

History of the World: Every Year

Sea Change, the Tempest

If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no fire can warm me

If I read a book and it makes my whole body so cold no fire can warm me, I know that is poetry. If I feel physically as if the top of my head were taken off, I know that is poetry. These are the only ways I know it. Is there any other way?

— Emily Dickinson

etymology of sophomore

1680s, “student in the second year of university study,” literally “arguer,” altered from sophumer (1650s, from sophume, archaic variant form of sophism), probably by influence of folk etymology derivation from Greek sophos “wise” + mōros “foolish, dull” (see moron). The original reference might be to the dialectic exercises that formed a large part of education in the middle years. At Oxford and Cambridge, a sophister (from sophist with spurious -er as in philosopher) was a second- or third-year student (what Americans would call a “junior” might be a senior sophister).

[etymology of sophomore https://www.etymonline.com/word/sophomore]

atavism: 1. The reappearance of a characteristic in an organism after several generations of absence. #xahwords

your tits are falling off, your dick feel numb.

Fall of Constantinople

Spain accent of English (video at bottom) https://phys.org/news/2019-06-property.html the article is science on new discovery of Light Torque via @jeremiah on noagendasocial.com

Why Do Human Cook?

etymology of Latin

Latin (adj.)

Old English latin “in Latin,” from Latin Latinus “Latin, Roman, in Latin,” literally “belonging to Latium,” the region of Italy around Rome, a name of uncertain origin.

Latin (n.)

“the language of the (ancient) Romans,” Old English latin “Latin, the language of the Romans; any foreign language,” from Latin latinium “the Latin language,” noun use of the adjective latinius (see Latin (adj.)). The more common form in Old English was læden, from Vulgar Latin *ladinum, which probably was deformed by influence of Old English leoden “language.” For “the Latin language” Old English also had lædenspræc.

[etymology of latin https://www.etymonline.com/word/latin]

precocious

this young girl (soph) is amazing. the word is, precocious.

hummus and midterranean

am eating hummus. it's popular in mid east and midterranean. this is midterranean.

Word of the day: Neurosis

Neurosis

Neurosis is a class of functional mental disorders involving chronic distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations. The term is no longer used by the professional psychiatric community in the United States, having been eliminated from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in 1980 with the publication of DSM III. It is still used in the ICD-10 Chapter V F40–48.

Neurosis should not be mistaken for psychosis, which refers to a loss of touch with reality. Neither should it be mistaken for neuroticism, a fundamental personality trait proposed in the Big Five personality traits theory.

Symptoms and causes

There are many different neuroses: obsessive–compulsive disorder, obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, impulse control disorder, anxiety disorder, hysteria, and a great variety of phobias.

According to C. George Boeree, professor emeritus at Shippensburg University, the symptoms of neurosis may involve:

... anxiety, sadness or depression, anger, irritability, mental confusion, low sense of self-worth, etc., behavioral symptoms such as phobic avoidance, vigilance, impulsive and compulsive acts, lethargy, etc., cognitive problems such as unpleasant or disturbing thoughts, repetition of thoughts and obsession, habitual fantasizing, negativity and cynicism, etc. Interpersonally, neurosis involves dependency, aggressiveness, perfectionism, schizoid isolation, socio-culturally inappropriate behaviors, etc.[1]

[2019-04-30 Wikipedia Neurosis]

Easter Worshippers

Easter Worshippers. what a curious phrase. i've never heard of it neither.

Kim Iversen, a newcomer i found on youtube.

Myers-Briggs The personality test that conned the world

Dai Woman, in Yunnan, China

The Dai people (Kam Mueang: ᩱᨴᩭ; Thai: ไท; Shan: တႆး [tai˥˩]; Tai Nüa: ᥖᥭᥰ, [tai˥], Chinese: 傣族; pinyin: Dǎizú) are one of several ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (both in southern Yunnan, China), but by extension, the term can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, and Myanmar when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Yai, Lue, Chinese Shan, Tai Dam, Tai Khao or even Tai in general. For other names, please see the table below.

[2019-04-11 Wikipedia]

very interesting short video on linguistics, by professor Benjamin Slade (long time emacs user and TeX) http://slade.jnanam.net/

𝔅𝔢𝔬𝔴𝔲𝔩𝔣 𝔦𝔰 𝔞𝔫 𝔒𝔩𝔡 𝔈𝔫𝔤𝔩𝔦𝔰𝔥 𝔢𝔭𝔦𝔠 𝔭𝔬𝔢𝔪 𝔠𝔬𝔫𝔰𝔦𝔰𝔱𝔦𝔫𝔤 𝔬𝔣 3,182 𝔞𝔩𝔩𝔦𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔞𝔱𝔦𝔳𝔢 𝔩𝔦𝔫𝔢𝔰. ℑ𝔱 𝔦𝔰 𝔞𝔯𝔤𝔲𝔞𝔟𝔩𝔶 𝔬𝔫𝔢 𝔬𝔣 𝔱𝔥𝔢 𝔪𝔬𝔰𝔱 𝔦𝔪𝔭𝔬𝔯𝔱𝔞𝔫𝔱 𝔴𝔬𝔯𝔨𝔰 𝔬𝔣 𝔒𝔩𝔡 𝔈𝔫𝔤𝔩𝔦𝔰𝔥 𝔩𝔦𝔱𝔢𝔯𝔞𝔱𝔲𝔯𝔢. 𝔡𝔞𝔱𝔢𝔡 𝔞𝔯𝔬𝔲𝔫𝔡 1000. 𝔗𝔥𝔢 𝔞𝔲𝔱𝔥𝔬𝔯 𝔴𝔞𝔰 𝔞𝔫 𝔞𝔫𝔬𝔫𝔶𝔪𝔬𝔲𝔰 𝔄𝔫𝔤𝔩𝔬-𝔖𝔞𝔵𝔬𝔫 𝔭𝔬𝔢𝔱, 𝔯𝔢𝔣𝔢𝔯𝔯𝔢𝔡 𝔱𝔬 𝔟𝔶 𝔰𝔠𝔥𝔬𝔩𝔞𝔯𝔰 𝔞𝔰 𝔱𝔥𝔢 “𝔅𝔢𝔬𝔴𝔲𝔩𝔣 𝔭𝔬𝔢𝔱”.

history of USA

The history of the United States, a country in North America, began with the settlement of Indigenous people before 15,000 BC. Numerous cultures formed. The arrival of Christopher Columbus in the year of 1492 started the European colonization of the Americas. Most colonies formed after 1600. By the 1760s, thirteen British colonies contained 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains. After defeating France, the British government imposed a series of new taxes after 1765, rejecting the colonists' argument that new taxes needed their approval (see Stamp Act 1765). Tax resistance, especially the Boston Tea Party (1773), led to punitive laws by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts.

Armed conflict began in 1775. In 1776 in Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress declared the independence of the colonies as the United States of America. Led by General George Washington, it won the Revolutionary War with large support from France. The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River (except Canada and Florida). The Articles of Confederation established a central government, but it was ineffectual at providing stability, as it could not collect taxes and had no executive officer. A convention in 1787 wrote a new Constitution that was adopted in 1789. In 1791, a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights. With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief adviser, a strong central government was created. Purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 doubled the size of the United States. A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812, which solidified national pride.

Encouraged by the notion of manifest destiny, U.S. territory expanded all the way to the Pacific coast. While the United States was large in terms of area, its population in 1790 was only 4 million. However, it grew rapidly, reaching 7.2 million in 1810, 32 million in 1860, 76 million in 1900, 132 million in 1940, and 321 million in 2015. Economic growth in terms of overall GDP was even greater. However compared to European powers, the nation's military strength was relatively limited in peacetime before 1940. The expansion was driven by a quest for inexpensive land for yeoman farmers and slave owners. The expansion of slavery was increasingly controversial and fueled political and constitutional battles, which were resolved by compromises. Slavery was abolished in all states north of the Mason–Dixon line by 1804, but the South continued to profit from the institution, mostly from production of cotton. Republican Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860 on a platform of halting the expansion of slavery.

Seven Southern slave states rebelled and created the foundation of the Confederacy. Its attack of Fort Sumter against the Union forces started the Civil War (1861–1865). Confederate defeat led to the impoverishment of the South and the abolition of slavery. In the Reconstruction Era (1863–1877), legal and voting rights were extended to freed slaves. The national government emerged much stronger, and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, it gained the explicit duty to protect individual rights. However, when white Democrats regained their power in the South in 1877, often by paramilitary suppression of voting, they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy, and new disfranchising constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting. This continued until gains of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s and passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights were made.

The United States became the world's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century due to an outburst of entrepreneurship in the Northeast and Midwest and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers from Europe. The national railroad network was completed and large-scale mining and factories industrialized the Northeast and Midwest. Mass dissatisfaction with corruption, inefficiency and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement, from the 1890s to 1920s, which led to many reforms including the 16th to 19th constitutional amendments, which brought the federal income tax, direct election of Senators, prohibition, and women's suffrage. Initially neutral during World War I, the United States declared war on Germany in 1917 and funded the Allied victory the following year. Women obtained the right to vote in 1920, with Native Americans obtaining citizenship and the right to vote in 1924.

After a prosperous decade in the 1920s, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression. Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the Republican dominance of the White House and implemented his New Deal programs, which included relief for the unemployed, support for farmers, Social Security and a minimum wage. The New Deal defined modern American liberalism. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort and helped defeat Nazi Germany in the European theater. Its involvement culminated in using newly invented nuclear weapons on two Japanese cities to defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater.

The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers in the aftermath of World War II. During the Cold War, the two countries confronted each other indirectly in the arms race, the Space Race, proxy wars, and propaganda campaigns. The purpose of this was to stop the spread of communism. In the 1960s, in large part due to the strength of the Civil Rights Movement, another wave of social reforms was enacted by enforcing the constitutional rights of voting and freedom of movement to African-Americans and other racial minorities. The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union was officially dissolved in 1991, leaving the United States as the world's only superpower.

After the Cold War, the United States has been focusing on modern conflicts in the Middle East and nuclear programs in North Korea. The beginning of the 21st century saw the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in 2001, which was followed by the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2008, the United States had its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression, which was followed by slower-than-usual rates of economic growth during the 2010s.

Kazakhstan National Anthem

Russian Girl Speaks rrrrr

Russian Girl Speaks rrrrr

A Encompassing Travelog on the City of Sin New York, New York Las Vegas Travelog: New York, New York

todo remove links to wordy-english.blogspot.com

todo http://games.groups.yahoo.com/group/wordy-english/

todo 2019-03-16 remove the ruby annotation. example: file:///Users/xah/web/wordyenglish_com/lit/chinese_ba1_mian4_ling2_long2.html

Allograph, Variant of the Letter s = ſ and Integral Sign ∫ (repost)

don't use euphemism (fake words).

• STEM → just say science/engineering, or science/math, etc.
• homophobia → just say hate gays.
• misogyny → hate women.
• islamophobe → hate islam.
• human being → human animal.
• when you use understandable words, sophistry breaks down.

xah talk show 2019-03-04 night

languages of India

三体 (小说) (3 Body Problem, scifi)

first, sate ye hunger. then, sate thy lust. that's today's #xahwords u subscribe http://wordyenglish.com/lit/blog.html i prescribe

china girls wresting show

China Girls Wresting Show

Vocabulary: Words in Olympia Reader

this book is recommended to me

The History of the Renaissance World: From the Rediscovery of Aristotle to the Conquest of Constantinople by Susan Wise Bauer Buy at amazon

Chinese Accent

todo. review. work in progress

lojban tutorial

whether or not you dunno

常用汉字 Most Used Chinese Chars (new)

Chinese Character Styles 汉字字体风格 (rewritten)

and new nav box.

year 2009. I was blogging Bertrand Russell's essays.

• Why I am Not a Christian (Bertrand Russell)
• Has Religion Made Useful Contributions to Civilization? (Bertrand Russell)
• What Desires Are Politically Important? (by Bertrand Russell)

English Vocabulary: Racial Slurs

Politics and the English Language (George Orwell)

linguistics: the term e-sport

in the past decade, arises e-sport. i.e. video game competition. The term e-sport is idiotic. It formed for marketing reasons. e.g. make teen feel elite, like athletes. Secondly, vid competition is not constructive activity, but, not worse than say movies and actors.

context. ★ gamers in korea https://twitter.com/CGTNOfficial/status/1081092868931010560